Fleets, vehicles and terminals share scarce equipment on fixed schedules. Pick the decision, such as how many robots, vehicles or berths, and test it on a peak day before you buy.
Decision: do the robots, the pick stations or the dock doors limit throughput on a peak day? The model sends orders through pick, pack and ship with a robot fleet of a set size. You run the peak day many times and read throughput with its confidence interval for each fleet size, which a forecast average cannot show.
What flows
Customer orders, order lines, totes and cartons, outbound trucks
What is scarce
Robots, pick stations, packers, dock doors, charging bays
Where it waits
Orders waiting for a free robot, shelves waiting at a pick station, cartons waiting for a packer, trucks waiting for a dock door
Questions you can test
How many robots does the peak wave need before the pick stations become the limit?
Does a second packing shift remove the queue, or does the queue move to the dock?
How much throughput do charging breaks and robot faults remove at the busiest hour?
Which carrier cut-off times can you promise without overtime?
Is it cheaper to add a pick station or to add robots to the existing ones?
Drone and autonomous delivery operations
Decision: how many vehicles and pads keep customers from giving up? The model sends delivery requests to vehicles that need turnaround steps, battery time and a weather window. You read the wait and the abandonment with confidence intervals.
What flows
Delivery requests, passenger requests, vehicles on a trip, battery packs
What is scarce
Drones and eVTOL air taxis, autonomous vans, landing pads, charged batteries, remote pilots or supervisors
Where it waits
Requests waiting for a vehicle, vehicles waiting for a pad, batteries waiting for a charger, flights held for a weather window
Questions you can test
How many vehicles keep the cancellation rate under your target at the lunch peak?
Do two landing pads at the hub limit the fleet more than the vehicle count does?
What does a weather stoppage cost in lost trips across a month of operations?
Is a spare battery pool cheaper than extra vehicles?
How many supervisors can oversee the fleet without delaying launches?
EV charging network capacity
Decision: how many chargers and which power limit keep the line short enough that drivers stay? The model sends drivers arriving on the daily pattern to chargers that share a site power limit. You read the wait and the share of drivers who leave with confidence intervals.
What flows
Arriving vehicles, charging sessions, drivers who leave without charging
What is scarce
Fast chargers, standard chargers, site power allocation, parking bays, maintenance technicians
Where it waits
Vehicles waiting for a charger, vehicles waiting for a parking bay, faulty chargers waiting for a technician
Questions you can test
How many chargers keep the average wait short at the commuter peak?
Does adding a fast charger beat adding two standard chargers for lost visits?
How much does a charger fault at the busiest hour raise waiting?
What share of drivers leave when the queue passes a given length?
Does a power cap move the bottleneck from chargers to the grid connection?
High-speed rail and transit station
Decision: which gate or platform makes passengers miss their train? The model sends passengers through entry, ticketing, security and boarding as one flow that must finish before each departure. You read the passengers who miss a departure with their confidence interval.
What flows
Passengers, groups traveling together, luggage items, trains or pods at the platform
What is scarce
Entry gates, ticket machines and desks, security lanes and staff, platform doors, boarding assistants
Where it waits
Passengers waiting at entry, passengers waiting for ticketing, passengers waiting for security, passengers waiting at the platform door
Questions you can test
How many security lanes keep the last arrival ahead of the door closing?
Where does the first long queue form when two departures overlap?
Does a self-service ticket machine remove the desk queue or only move it?
How many boarding assistants does the platform need for the busiest departure?
What share of passengers miss a train under each staffing plan?
Port, launch and defense logistics
Decision: how does one weather delay or crane fault move every later job? The model sends ships, payloads and equipment to berths, cranes and pads, with random delays. You read campaign completion time with its confidence interval.
What flows
Ships, containers, launch vehicles and payloads, equipment convoys
What is scarce
Berths, cranes and crane crews, launch pads, hangars and integration bays, tugs and pilots
Where it waits
Ships waiting at anchor for a berth, containers waiting for a crane, payloads waiting for an integration bay, campaigns waiting for a pad
Questions you can test
How many berths and cranes keep the anchorage wait short under the expected ship schedule?
How much slack between launch campaigns absorbs a typical weather delay?
Does a second crane crew beat a longer quay for vessel turnaround?
Which shared asset is the first to saturate when a convoy arrives during a launch?
How far does a single crane fault push the completion date of the campaign?
Mining and construction haul cycle
Decision: what mix of trucks and loaders keeps the loader and the crusher both busy? The model sends trucks through load, haul, dump and return, and queues them at the loader. You read the wait at the loader and the crusher with confidence intervals.
What flows
Haul trucks, loads of material, shift crews
What is scarce
Loaders and excavators, crusher or dump point, operators, fuel and service bay, haul road segments
Where it waits
Trucks waiting at the loader, trucks waiting at the crusher, trucks waiting for fuel or service, loaders waiting for a truck
Questions you can test
What truck-to-loader ratio keeps both machines busy without a queue?
Does adding a third loader or more trucks raise tonnage per shift?
How much production does a crusher stop cost, and does a buffer pile help?
What does a shift change at the face do to the cycle time?
How sensitive is output to a longer haul distance after the pit deepens?
Localized manufacturing and 3D printing
Decision: does the next printer, a bigger oven or one more finisher raise output most? The model sends jobs through printers, build plates, curing and finishing. You read output and the wait at each stage with confidence intervals.
What flows
Print jobs, build plates, finished parts
What is scarce
Printers, curing ovens, finishing technicians, material hoppers, inspection stations
Where it waits
Jobs waiting for a printer, plates waiting for curing, parts waiting for a finisher, parts waiting for inspection
Questions you can test
Does the next printer raise output, or does curing become the bottleneck?
How full should a build plate be before the printer starts?
How many finishers match the printer count at peak demand?
What do printer jams do to promised lead times?
Which jobs should jump the queue to protect the fastest delivery promise?
Smart city and building operations
Decision: which entrance, lift bank or exit limits the flow on the worst morning and in an evacuation? The model moves people through entrances, lifts and service points, and switches to an emergency demand pattern. You read the queue at each point with its confidence interval.
What flows
Occupants and visitors, trainees and trainers, service requests, emergency alerts
What is scarce
Lifts, entrance gates, stairwells and exits, classrooms and trainers, service desk staff
Where it waits
People waiting for a lift, people waiting at an entrance gate, people waiting at an exit, visitors waiting at the service desk
Questions you can test
How many lifts keep the lobby wait short at the start of the working day?
How long does the building take to clear when lifts are out of service?
Does staggering class start times remove the morning queue?
Which exit saturates first in an evacuation?
How many service desk staff does the hall need after a city-wide notice?
Test a decision like these
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